Radiofrequency ablation.
Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a minimally invasive procedure that uses radiofrequency energy to heat and quiet the nerve fibers carrying pain signals to your brain. For chronic facet-joint, back, neck, and arthritis pain, it can offer long-lasting relief — often from six months to several years — with minimal downtime.
What to expect
Quieting the nerves that carry the pain.
RFA targets the specific nerves responsible for transmitting your pain — with minimal impact on the surrounding tissue.
Turning down the pain signal
A thin needle is guided to the nerves behind your pain. Radiofrequency energy at the needle tip gently heats those nerve fibers so they can no longer send the pain signal to your brain. Because it's so targeted, the tissue around it is largely left alone.
- Radiofrequency waves are delivered through electrodes at the needle tip
- The heat disrupts the nerve's ability to signal pain
- Imaging keeps the needle precisely placed throughout
Image-guided nerve ablation
Needle placement is guided by fluoroscopy or ultrasound for real-time accuracy. A small electrical current may confirm correct positioning without affecting motor function before the radiofrequency lesion is created.
- Targets medial branch nerves for facet-joint pain
- Targets lateral branch nerves for sacroiliac joint pain
- Good candidates first respond to diagnostic nerve blocks
Conditions RFA
can relieve.
RFA is especially helpful for patients who haven't responded well to more conservative pain management.
Chronic back & neck pain
Pain from the facet joints and sacroiliac joints, interrupted at the nerves that carry it — often for months or years.
Arthritis & joint pain
Pain from arthritis in major joints like the knees and hips, helping restore mobility and reduce daily medication.
Other pain conditions
RFA is also used for certain cancer-related pain and for trigeminal neuralgia, a severe facial pain often resistant to other treatments.
From prep to recovery.
Prepare
You may need to fast for several hours and adjust some medications. Since mild sedation may be used, arrange a ride home.
The procedure
You're positioned for easy access and lightly sedated. The skin is numbed, the needle is guided to the nerve, and the energy is applied.
Recover
Most patients resume daily routines within a few days, and many return to work the next day. Some soreness or numbness is normal.
Stay in touch
Keep your follow-up appointments. Nerves regenerate over time, so the procedure can be repeated if pain returns.
Frequently asked questions
Is RFA considered surgery?
No. Radiofrequency ablation is a minimally invasive procedure that does not involve the significant incisions or recovery time typical of surgical operations.
How does RFA compare to other pain management treatments?
RFA targets the nerve fibers that transmit pain signals directly, which can provide longer-lasting relief compared to non-invasive treatments like medication or physical therapy.
Can RFA be used for all types of chronic pain?
RFA is most effective for certain types of chronic pain — such as pain from arthritic joints, the spine, and nerve damage. It may not be suitable for all pain types, so a consultation with a pain specialist is recommended.
Is sedation required during the procedure?
Mild sedation or local anesthesia is commonly used during RFA to ensure comfort and minimize pain during the procedure.
How long does the pain relief typically last?
It can vary, but many patients experience significant pain reduction for six months to several years.
Are there any long-term risks or side effects?
Long-term risks are minimal. Potential side effects can include temporary numbness, discomfort at the injection site, or, rarely, nerve damage.
Can RFA be repeated if needed?
Yes. RFA can be repeated if pain recurs over time. The decision depends on your response and the underlying condition being treated.
Think RFA might be right for you?
Book with a board-certified pain physician at a location near you. We'll confirm whether radiofrequency ablation is a good fit for your pain.